Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Penetrant shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Penetrant offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Penetrant at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Penetrant? Wrong! If the Penetrant is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Penetrant then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Penetrant? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Penetrant and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Penetrant wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Penetrant then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Penetrant site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Penetrant, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Penetrant, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
ing for firestops can occur. All trades can use this guideline. This permits accurate pricing as well as accountability for field variances.
A
penetrant is the cause for a service Penetration (firestop)
firestop.
Building codes can refer to mechanical and electrical penetrants as "services".
Penetrants are the mechanical, electrical or structural items that pass through an opening in a wall or floor, such as:
When these items are traversing a wall or floor assembly required to have a
fire-resistance rating, they create the need for an Penetration (firestop), consisting of the space(s) between penetrant and surrounding structure, which must be firestopped in order to restore the fire-resistance rating of the parent assembly.
Sizing of all openings has significant impact upon bounding (the adherence to all safety certification requirements). Therefore, communication between all affected trades is of great importance
before any openings are made, to ensure proper sizing of the openings for cost control and bounding purposes.
Penetrants are typically accommodated by plumbers and electricians, who prepare for them by installing sleeves in
concrete walls and floors, before they are poured. In the case of
masonry walls, electricians and plumbers tend to be there first and hang sleeves around their piping, ductwork and conduit, where they know from their drawings that block walls will be erected, in order to avoid the time and expense of having to
cut openings in existing walls and floors.
In the case of
drywall assemblies, the opening size is determined by the drywall contractor, unless the mechanical and electrical trades are
contractually
obligation to provide sleeving here as well, with proper fastener methods that must be subject to bounding. It is not uncommon for these trades to attempt to absolve themselves of the requirement to firestop their openings in the drywall assemblies by claiming that they were there first, meaning that others should take care of the rest. Since drywall Subcontractors are not ordinarily required to do M & E firestopping, the drywall openings can become an item of dispute or
negligence, particularly in
North American construction. This common issue is easily remedied by designating a separate firestopping sub-contract, whereby a separate speciality sub-contractor firestops
all openings on site, mechanical, electrical and structural, as well as the building joints.
Timber floor openings are simply cut by means of a chainsaw. In this case, the width of the blade will determine sizes.
Image:Cable_penetrants.jpg] sealant, to restore the two-hour fire-resistance rating of the concrete floor.image:1000MCM_penetrants.jpg|1000MCM power cables, penetrants in a firestop mortar test assembly.image:Steel_beam_penetration.jpg|
Steel beam through-penetration. The firestop surrounding the beam is incomplete - packing only, sealant is yet to be applied. The beam itself must be treated with fireproofing to prevent it from twisting and damaging the wall during a fire.image:Sprinkler_branch_penetration.jpg] branch
pipe (material) through-penetration with plastic sleeve - missing firestop in concrete fire separation. The branch pipe is a penetrant, as is the plastic sleeve, which is a code violation if left in place, unless subject to bounding with a firestop that permits such sleeving to be left in place.Image:Tray_cross_barrier.jpg] cross barrier firestop test, full scale wall, in
Germany as per DIN4102.
ing for
firestops can occur. All trades can use this guideline. This permits accurate pricing as well as accountability for field variances.
A
penetrant is the cause for a service
Penetration (firestop) firestop. Building codes can refer to mechanical and electrical penetrants as "services".
Penetrants are the mechanical, electrical or structural items that pass through an opening in a wall or floor, such as:
When these items are traversing a wall or floor assembly required to have a
fire-resistance rating, they create the need for an Penetration (firestop), consisting of the space(s) between penetrant and surrounding structure, which must be
firestopped in order to restore the fire-resistance rating of the parent assembly.
Sizing of all openings has significant impact upon bounding (the adherence to all safety certification requirements). Therefore, communication between all affected trades is of great importance
before any openings are made, to ensure proper sizing of the openings for cost control and bounding
purposes.
Penetrants are typically accommodated by plumbers and electricians, who prepare for them by installing sleeves in concrete walls and floors, before they are poured. In the case of masonry walls, electricians and plumbers tend to be there first and hang sleeves around their piping, ductwork and conduit, where they know from their drawings that block walls will be erected, in order to avoid the time and expense of having to
cut openings in existing walls and floors.
In the case of
drywall assemblies, the opening size is determined by the drywall contractor, unless the mechanical and electrical trades are
contractually
obligation to provide sleeving here as well, with proper
fastener methods that must be subject to
bounding. It is not uncommon for these trades to attempt to absolve themselves of the requirement to firestop their openings in the drywall assemblies by claiming that they were there first, meaning that others should take care of the rest. Since drywall Subcontractors are not ordinarily required to do M & E firestopping, the drywall openings can become an item of dispute or negligence, particularly in North American construction. This common issue is easily remedied by designating a separate firestopping sub-contract, whereby a separate speciality sub-contractor firestops
all openings on site, mechanical, electrical and structural, as well as the building joints.
Timber floor openings are simply cut by means of a
chainsaw. In this case, the width of the blade will determine sizes.
Image:Cable_penetrants.jpg] sealant, to restore the two-hour fire-resistance rating of the concrete floor.image:1000MCM_penetrants.jpg|1000MCM power cables, penetrants in a firestop mortar test assembly.image:Steel_beam_penetration.jpg|Steel beam through-penetration. The firestop surrounding the beam is incomplete - packing only, sealant is yet to be applied. The beam itself must be treated with
fireproofing to prevent it from twisting and damaging the wall during a fire.image:Sprinkler_branch_penetration.jpg] branch pipe (material) through-penetration with
plastic sleeve - missing firestop in concrete fire separation. The branch pipe is a penetrant, as is the plastic sleeve, which is a code violation if left in place, unless subject to bounding with a firestop that permits such sleeving to be left in place.Image:Tray_cross_barrier.jpg] cross barrier firestop test, full scale wall, in
Germany as per DIN4102.
Dye Penetrant Inspection (DPI) - Non Destructive Testing - NDT Limited
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penetrant - Wiktionary
Definition from Wiktionary, a free dictionary
Dye Penetrant Testing
Dye penetrant testing is one of a wide range of materials testing services available from Inspiratech 2000 Ltd.
Dye penetrant testing, Dye penetrant inspection | NDT Services
NDT Services Ltd provides dye penetrant inspection services to detect surface breaking flaws in both ferrous and non ferrous parts.
Dye Penetrant Inspection - PTS UK
Dye Penetrant Inspection, Stafford, Staffordshire, UK ... Dye Penetrant Inspection. Liquid penetration inspection is a method that is used to reveal surface breaking flaws by bleed ...
Liquid Penetrant Training - NDT Training Examination and Consultancy ...
This method involves applying a visible or fluorescent dye to the surface. The dye enters the discontinuities via capillary action.
Liquid Penetrant Inspection Course
This course provides a basic foundation for technicians, inspectors, and engineers called upon to witness, supervise, or conduct Liquid Penetrant Inspection procedures.
